高考英语考前叮嘱
u 1．容易错写词尾的单词 (1) 是ar不是er : grammar, vinegar, regular, popular, dollar, beggar, sugar, particular
(2)是 or 不是er:
professor, visitor, translator, director, editor, educator, actor, inventor, competitor, conductor ,monitor 2．容易颠倒字母顺序的单词（括号中为错词）destroy (destory) , first (frist) , Friday (Firday), friend (firend) , receive (recieve) ,
true (ture), amateur (amature) , foreign (forirgn)3．容易丢掉一个字母的单词 （1）容易丢掉字母n：government，environment，environmental （2）容易丢掉不发音的字母：Christmas，Wednesday （3）拼写比较特别的单词：committee，guarantee，dilemma，opportunity，bridegroom，spokesman，
succeed，competition，February
4．容易多一个字母的单词（括号中为错词）develop (develope) , habit (habbit) , proud (pround) ,modern (mordern) , until (untill) ,
souvenir (souvenire) ,similar (similiar), ninth (nineth),forty(fourty)5．词形相近，词义、词性容易混淆的单词quiet一quite, aboard一abroad, broad一board, adopt一adapt, alone一along, horse一house,
except一expect , through一thorough, price一prize一praise, quality一quantity, it一its,
everyday一every day,beside—besides, affect—effect , typewriter—typist cook-cooker,
physicist一 physician, late一later, latter一lately, seize一size , sweet一sweat, till一until ,
sigh一sign, weather一whether, rise一raise, piece一peace, rough一tough,
steel一steal一still, sometime一sometimes一some time, past一passed, wander一wonder,
father一farther一feather, diary一dairy, form一from, hard一hardly, metal一medal一mental,
than一then, principle一principal ,enable一unable, overcome一come over, altitude一attitude
5．该双写却没有双写的单词 unforgettable, beginning, written , inferred, referred , occurred, regretting, robbed , permitted, forgetting,
wrapping, preferred, begged, hugged; planned; dropped, winning, cutting, hitting , skim, scan7．不该双写却双写的单词（括号中为错词） writing (writting) , eaten (eatten) , suffer (sufferred)8．必须去掉字母e的单词 unbelievable, valuable, argument, truly, gently 9．不能去掉字母e的单词(un) changeable, (re) chargeable, hopeful, envelope，moveable10．两个变化非常特别的单词 panic-panicked-panicking picnic-picnicked-picnicking
u 1．动词变名词比较特殊的单词
describe 一 description, explain一 explanation, pronounce一 pronunciation, permit一permission, conclude一conclusion, admit一admission, prepare一preparation , decide—decision,
conclude一conclusion，arrive一arrival, survive一survival-survivor
2．名词变形容词比较特殊的单词 influence一influencial, benefit一 beneficial
3．形容词变名词比较特殊的单词
curious-curiosity, able-ability, dangerous一 danger, anxious-anxiety, broad-breadth, long-length, wide/width, deep-depth, responsible-responsibility
4．形容词变副词不去e的单词
(un) fortunate 一（un) fortunately, immediate一immediately, absolute一absolutely, rude一rudely, approximate一approximately, desperate一desperately, large一largely, accurate一accurately
但true-truly, whole-wholly !
5．形容词与副词同形的单词 straight，fast，late，hard
6．形容词变副词，去e加y的单词（以-ble，pIe结尾的单词，去e加y就好）
simple一simply,（im）possible一（im）possibly， probable一probably，
（un）comfortable一（un）comfortably
7．基数词转化为序数词比较特殊的单词
one一 first, two一 second, three一third, five一fifth, eight一eighth, nine一ninth, twelve一twelfth
整数位的一ty要改为一tieth，如twenty一twentieth, sixty一sixtieth
另外，注意这些数词的变化：four一fourteen一forty , five一fifteen一fifty
u 常见常考的否定词
1. un一：unusual, unhappy, unnecessary, unexpected, unfortunate, unhealthy, uncover,
undoubted ,unfriendly, unable, unfinished
2. im一：impossible, impolite, immoral
3. in一：incorrect, inconvenient, informal, inaccurate, indirect
4. ir一 : irregular, irrelevant
5. ab一：abnormal
6. dis一：disagree, disappear, dislike, disconnect
7. il一：illegal, illogical
8. mis－misunderstand，misjudge，misleading，misfortune
u 1.最常考的10个不可数名词
fun, information, progress , news , homework, housework, furniture, advice, baggage/luggage
2.复数变化比较特别的几组名词
（1）变词尾f (fe）为v再加es的单词
小偷的妻子拿起架子上的一把小刀和树叶把狼砍成了两半，保住了自己的性命。
（thief-thieves;wife/housewife-wives;shelf//bookshelf-shelves;knife-knives;leaf-leaves;wolf-wolves;
half-halves;ourselves/yourselves/themselves;life-lives）
例外：roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, proof→proofs, cliff→cliffs, brief→briefs
（2）以o结尾加一es作复数的单词
两人两菜，龙卷风，再加蚊子嗡嗡嗡 (Negro/hero/potato/tomato/tornado/mosquito)
例外：photo→photos, video→videos, radio→radios, zoo→zoos, bamboo→bamboos, studio→studios
（3）单数变复数，变化较特殊的单词 passer-by/passers-by，German/Germans
（4）英语人称代词表
主格
宾格
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
反身代词
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
I
me
my
mine
myself
you
you
your
yours
yourself
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
she
her
her
hers
herself
he
him
his
his
himself
it
it
its
its
itself
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
u 序数词
1. 第四 2. 第五 3. 第八 4.第九 5.第十二 6. 第十三 7. 第十五
8. 第十九 9. 第二十 10. 第三十 11. 第四十 12. 第五十 13. 第九十 14. 第一百
答案：1.fourth 2. fifth 3. eighth 4. ninth 5.twelfth 6. thirteenth 7.fifteenth 8. nineteenth 9. twentieth
10. thirtieth 11. fortieth 12. fiftieth 13. ninetieth 14. one hundredth
u 星期/月份
1. 星期一 2.星期二 3.星期三 4.星期四 5.星期五 6.星期六7.星期日
答案：1.Monday 2.Tuesday3.Wednesday 4.Thursday 5.Friday 6.Saturday 7.Sunday
1. 一月 2. 二月 3. 三月 4. 四月 5. 五月 6.六月 7.七月 8. 八月 9.九月
10. 十月 11. 十一月 12. 十二月
答案：1. January 2. February 3. March 4. April 5. May 6. June 7. July 8. August 9. September
10. October 11.November 12. December
u 名词后缀要点归纳
1. -er observer explorer philosopher teacher
2. -or educator operator survivor actor
3. -tion preparation description communication
4. -ee employee interviewee retiree referee
5. -ess actress waitress hostess
6. -ian librarian historian musician
7. -ist physicist ecologist biologist scientist artist
8. -dom freedom wisdom boredom
9. -ness carefulness coldness friendliness kindness greatness
10. -sion expression decision explosion confusion
11. -th warmth growth strength
12. -ing suffering building writing
13. -ship membership professorship sportsmanship(体育精神）
14. -ment encouragement treatment judgement argument improvement
15. -al arrival survival refusal approval（批准）
u 形容词后缀
1. -ful hopeful painful merciful useful helpful harmful delightful
2. -less homeless harmless speechless
3. -ble acceptable comfortable invisible fashionable reliable
4. -ible responsible accessible possible
5. -ous dangerous poisonous mountainous courageous
6. -y healthy smelly snowy dirty messy
7. -en wooden golden woolen
8. -ern eastern western southern northern
9. -al cultural physical personal traditional professional
10. -some troublesome tiresome quarrelsome
11. -ish childish unselfish foolish
12. -ent different independent excellent
13. -ary imaginary revolutionary ordinary
14. -ed skilled talented untouched educated
15. -ing frightening amazing inviting
u 动词词缀
1. en- encourage enable enlarge
2. re- rebuild restore regain
3. dis- disappear disagree disconnect discourage disapprove
4. mis- misunderstand mislead misspell
5. co- cooperate co-host coexist co-work
6. un- undress unlock unfold unwrap
7. -ize realize modernize revolutionize organize socialize globalize
8. -ify beautify terrify simplify identify classify
9. -ate liberate motivate separate graduate
10. -en strengthen shorten deepen lengthen widen
u 形容词变副词规律
1. 常见以-ly结尾的形容词：friendly lovely lively monthly motherly deadly likely elderly
2. 以-y结尾形容词变副词变y为i再加-ly：happy-happily easy-easily heavy-heavily necessary-necessarily
3. 以-le, -ble结尾的形容词变副词，去e加y：gentle-gently possible-possibly simple-simply
(特别关注：true-truly whole-wholly)
4. 以-ic结尾的形容词变副词，直接加-ally：basic-basically specific-specifically scientific-scientifically
(例外：public-publicly)
5. 其余多数的形容词变副词一般直接加-ly: surprising-surprisingly excited-excitedly successful-successfully
(特别关注：full-fully)
u 比较级和最高级变化规律
1. 一般在形容词或副词后面直接加-er变为比较级，加-est变为最高级。
fast-faster-fastest small-smaller-smallest fresh-fresher-freshest
2. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，则双写该辅音字母，再加-er变为比较级，加-est变为最高级。
big-bigger-biggest thin-thinner-thinnest fat-fatter-fattest hot-hotter-hottest
3. 以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词，则将y改为i再加-er变为比较级，加-est变为最高级。
pretty-prettier-prettiest early-earlier-earliest happy-happier-happiest
4. 以字母e结尾的单词，直接加-r变为比较级，加-st变为最高级。
large-larger-largest wise-wiser-wisest
5. 以多音节以及某些双音节形容词或副词变为比较级或最高级时，则通常在其前面加more变为比较级，加most 变为最高级。
important-more important-most important difficult-more difficult-most difficult
6. 部分不规则变化
good/well-better-best bad/ill/badly-worse-worst little-less-least many/much-more-most
far farther-farthest late later-latest old older-oldest
further-furthest latter-last elder-eldest
u 动词-ing/-ed规则
1. 多数动词直接+ing/+ed
finish-finishing-finished offer-offering-offered destroy-destroying-destroyed
2. 不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加-ing/-ed
decide-deciding-decided conclude-concluding-concluded arrive-arriving-arrived
3. 以字母ie结尾的动词，改ie为y, 加ing
die-dying tie-tying lie-lying
4. 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，该双写该字母+ing/ed
shop-shopping-shopped prefer-preferring-preferred plan-planning-planned
5. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，直接加ing, 变-ed时则将y改为i再加-ed
carry-carrying-carried apply-applying-applied worry-worrying-worried
u 时态要点归纳
1. 一般现在时使用场合：① 表示经常发生的动作，标志词有always，often, every day; ②表示客观真理或事实；③遵循“主将从现”原则；④表示飞机、火车、轮船（“飞火轮”）的时刻表
2. 一般过去时：①表示过去已发生的动作，标志词有yesterday，last week, ago等；②表示说话之前的想法、做法、看法；③用于虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，用于I wish that…, It is high time that…, I’d rather that…等句型
3. 过去进行时：①表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作；②表示过去某一阶段一直进行的动作；
③与一般过去时连用，表示另一动作发生的背景
4. 现在完成时：①表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在并有可能持续下去；②标志词：副词型：already, ever, never, recently, lately, yet; 短语型：so far, ever since, for days, up to now, in the past two years, over the weeks; 常用句型: It is the first time that… 等
5. 过去完成时：①表示过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”；②标志词：短语：by+过去时间, by the end of …,by the tme …;句型：hardly…when…, no sooner… than…, It was the first time that…;③用于虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反
u 非谓动
1. 动词不定式作目的状语常用句型：to do; in order to do; so as to do
2. 动词不定式作结果状语常用句型：too…to…; enough to do; so…as to; only to do
3. 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：manage, expect, choose, agree/afford/appear, refuse, fail, intend, pretend/plan, seem, decide等
4. 常接动名词作宾语的动词有：mind, enjoy/escape, consider, appreciate/avoid, risk, finish, imagine, practice/postpone, suggest, delay等
5. 既能接不定式又能接动名词作宾语且意思差别较大的动词有：
stop, mean, try, forget, remember, regret, go on等
6. 常见使役动词和感官动词：notice, let, make, listen to, hear, see, observe, watch, have, feel
7. 常见省略介词又含有动名词的短语：be busy(in) doing, prevent/stop…(from) doing,
be occupied (in) doing, spend…(in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing,
have trouble (in) doing, There is no point (in) doing等
8. 常见含有介词to的介词短语：look forward to doing盼望做，
be used/accustomed to doing习惯于做，get down to doing 着手做，
devote oneself to doing致力于做，pay attention to doing注意做，object to doing反对做，
prefer doing to doing喜欢做…胜过做…,be addicted to doing做…上瘾
9. 动词want, need, require及be worth后接动名词主动形式表示被动意义
10. 常见含有非谓语动词的经典句式：It takes sb time to do sth花费时间做某事，
sb/sth + be said/believed/reported to do据说/据相信/据报道……
It is no use/good doing sth做……无用，be + adj + to do(不定式主动形式表示被动意义)，
It is…for/of sb. to do sth 某人做某事是……,be to blame该受到责备
11. 现在分词表示一个主动的正在进行的动作，过去分词则多表示被动的、已经发生的动作
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